Jumat, 16 Mei 2008

Learning Kacapi

Basic Keyings for Kawih

Basic Kacapi Keyings for Kawih Accompaniment


(Pola Dasar Kacapi Pamirig Kawih)
by: Dian Tresna Nugraha,
Munich, 23.08.2003



1Terms
  • Kawih = Sundanese term for ‘song’

  • Kacapi siter is used for our purpose. It has 20 strings.

  • farthest- and longest string (lowest frequency) is tuned to 3

  • nearest- and shortest string (highest frequency) is tuned to 4. (see 'Tuning')


  • Suling Sunda is a 60 cm and 6 holed bamboo flute.


  • Pangkat is ‘the opening’ or start of kawih. It is selected based on the goong key (number in circle).

  • Panutup is ‘the ending’. (or ‘suwuk’ in Javanese)

  • Pancer is intermediate tone between two keys, e.g. between goong key and kenong key.


Figure 1: 60 cm with 6 hole Sundanese Suling

2Tuning and Notation

Kacapi uses degung notation. It is a subset of pelog 7 tone system (see Table 1).

Table 1: Sundanese Degung versus Javanese Pelog 7 Notation

Sundanese Degung                                         Javanese Pelog 7

1 (da)                                                                                 6

2 (mi)                                                                                 5

3 (na)                                                                                 3

4 (ti)                                                                                  2 

5 (la)                                                                                  1 


Note range, from lowest frequency to highest frequency is:

838281 trewq 54321 %$#@! 9594

Kacapi is tuned to match the 60 cm length suling tones. With this length, approximation for the tuning compared to western scale is:

54321 » A# B c# f f#

Figure 2 shows positions of each kacapi's string and its note number.


Figure 2: Tuning of Kacapi's Strings

3Key Positions

Legend:



3.1Position for key 5 (la)

 


Figure 3: Position for key 5 (la)



Pangkat for key-5 is: 32 1 5 5 g5

I and II are repeatable parts. 2nd pancer is not yet unknown due to unknown kenong key.

The sample music plays pangkat continued directly with I and then after slight silent, II is played.


3.2Position for key 4 (ti)
 


Figure 4: Position for key 4 (ti)


Pangkat for key-4 is .31 2 4 4 g4

Dashed circles are Position for key-5.

Similar to key-5, I and II are repeatable parts.


3.3Position for key 3 (ti)


Figure 5: Position for key 3 (na)



Due to rarely be used as goong key, the key-3 might have no pangkat at all.

The pancer is 2.


3.4Position for key 2 (mi)


Figure 6: Position for key 2 (ti)



3.5Position for key 1 (da)


Figure 7: Position for key 1(da)


4 Sekar Alit

Sekar Alit is a small accompaniment set for typical Sundanese songs (kawih). It contains several key sequences, and played repeatedly. It might have specific name, e.g. Catrik, Kulu-kulu, etc.



There are two types of Sekar Alit: two-keys and four-keys.


The two-keys:

Table 2: Sekar Alit accompaniments with two keys.

Name            Keys           Kawih Example(s)
              
Catrik             2 g5                Dareuda, Kalangkang                      
Kulu-kulu      5 g2                Angin Priangan, Satia                                
Lalayaran      3 g5                                               


The four-keys:

Table 3: Sekar Alit accompaniments with four keys.

Name                         Keys                Kawih Example(s)
              
Cirebonan                    4 g5 1             Jeruk Manis
                                         g5
Balenderan                 4 g5 4                 
                                        g2
n.n                                1 g3 1              Nimang
                                         g4
n.n                               2 g4 2              Cinta   
                                        g5
n.n                               3 g4 3             Élékésékéng                                              
                                        g1


4.1Example: 'Catrik' 2 g5



Figure 8: 'Catrik': 2 g5


Catrik is the simplest form and the most widely used pattern when one starts learning degung.

The goong key is 5, thus we use pangkat for 5 and ending for 5 too. The kenong key is 2.



5-I and 5-II are part I and II of key 5. See: Position for key 5 (la)

2-I and 2-II are part I and II of key 2. See: Position for key 2 (mi)
5Pangkat Variations

Sometimes, we use different pangkat to give variations between different kawih.



For example:

Pangkat variations for key 5 (la): Variant 1, Variant 2 (click to hear)



Figure 9: Pangkat variations for key 5 (la)


Pangkat variations for key 2 (mi): Variant 1, Variant 2 (click to hear)



Figure 10: Pangkat variations for key 2(mi)

6Contact

Any questions and feedbacks can be addressed to: dian.nugraha@gmail.com



Have fun!




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